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Narmada: A Valley Rises
is beautifully photographed,
inspiring film. It documents a 200 kilometre non-violent Gandhian
march involving 6000 participants. The film offers a compelling
and intimate portrait of a unique movement while raises critical
and universal issues of human-rights, social justice, and development
within a democracy.
In the heart of India flows the
Narmada River. Steeped in legend and history, sacred to the Hindus,
the Narmada and its fertile valley provide home and livelihood
for the indigenous peoples, the Bhils and Bhilalas, who live
and work upon its shores.
Downstream in the state of Gujarat
a massive dam known as the Sardar Sarovar Project is nearing
completion. The dam is partially funded by the World Bank and
promoted by politicians and business leaders as a scheme to provide
electricity to urban dwellers and water to drought prone regions
in northern Gujarat. What they fail to mention is that, it will
destroy hundreds of tribal and farming villages and displace
over 160,000 people.
It will also engulf thousands of
square kilometres of some of the richest farmland in Asia Construction
of the dam has proceeded without the knowledge and consent of
those who will be most affected: the valley's inhabitants.
Medha Patkar, a charismatic 35-year-old
social activist from Bombay, has lived with the people of the
Narmada valley since 1985 and has been instrumental in organising
a grassroots movement against the dam. The 76-year old Baba Amte,
one of India's most respected social activists, has joined her
and others in the Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save Narmada Movement).
Narmada: a Valley Rises follows
Medha, Baba, and more than 6000 farmers and tribal people as
they embark, Christmas Day 1990, on an epic 200-kilometre march
from the state of Madhya Pradesh to the dam site in Gujarat.
Their goal: to draw national and international attention to human
rights abuses and to pressure the Indian government into conducting
a comprehensive review of the project. In its strategy of peaceful
resistance the march is modeled on Gandhi's famous Salt March
against British Imperial rule.
Hopes of reaching the dam are dashed
when marchers are stopped at the Gujarat border by a massive
deployment of state police. Baba Amte, appealing to the democratic
principles, tries to cross the border but is refused permission
by the Gujarat authorities. A small group of marchers, hands
tied in a symbolic gesture of nonviolence, likewise tries to
push through police lines but becomes embroiled in a confrontation
in which several leaders are dragged away and arrested.
As demands
for negotiations with the government go unheeded the two sides
settle into a long tense waiting game. At an impasse, Medha and
six other activists decide upon a risky strategy: they will begin
an indefinite fast. As the health of the fasters deteriorates
to a critical point, support for the movement spreads throughout
India and the international community.
Faced with growing criticism, the
World Bank makes the unprecedented announcement that it will
hold an independent review of the Sardar Sarovar Project - a
review that will eventually lead to its withdrawal of funding.
Although the fast and the march come to an end, the struggle
in the Narmada valley continues.
Despite the withdrawal of the World
Bank support, the Indian government has continued with the dam's
construction. Peaceful resistance has been met with further police
repression. As the inhabitants of the valley demonstrate their
willingness to die rather than see their land and way of life
destroyed, the movement to save Narmada has become a symbol in
the international struggle to place human rights and social justice
at the forefront of developmental policy.
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